Slower-moving water is also more readily absorbed into the “sponge” for storage and safe release over time. As water is slowed down, it loses some of its energy resulting in less erosion and downstream sedimentation. Riparian vegetation, woody debris and large cobbles in the stream channel and on streambanks and floodplains reduce the velocity of flowing water. The ability of a riparian area to absorb and store water in this way can reduce peak flows during spring snow melt or after high intensity storms.Īs stored water is slowly released from the “sponge,” it either percolates downward to recharge groundwater aquifers or moves laterally back into the stream channel, thereby extending the availability of surface water later into the year. Reduction in peak flow helps to reduce the destructive energy of moving water, and can greatly lessen the risk of downstream flooding and scouring that may occur with larger volumes of fast moving water.

The ability of a riparian area to absorb and store water in this way can reduce peak flows during spring snow melt or after high intensity storms. The soil in streambanks, floodplains and the substrate beneath the channel functions very much like a large sponge that absorbs and stores water.

Well-functioning riparian areas serve several important roles that not only contribute to the ecological health of rangelands but also provide economic and social benefits.

Because streams and riparian areas are so connected we will refer to riparian areas not only as the land adjacent to the stream but the stream channel as well. It is the presence of water during all or a substantial part of the growing season that distinguishes riparian areas from surrounding uplands.

Cattle range management